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Goryachkin’s agricultural mechanics
Vera CHINENOVA
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第1期 页码 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0378-x
The paper contributes to the development of applied mechanics by establishing a new discipline, namely, agricultural mechanics by academician Vasilii Prohorovich Goryachkin (1868–1935) who was an apprentice of Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky and a graduate of the Moscow University (current known as Moscow State University) and the Imperial Higher Technical School.
关键词： theory of mechanisms and machines agricultural machinery engineering agricultural mechanics
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1729-6
● Fundamentals of membrane fouling are comprehensively reviewed.
关键词： Membrane fouling Thermodynamic mechanism XDLVO theory Flory-Huggins theory Fouling migration
Wanghui BU, Zhenyu LIU, Jianrong TAN, Jin CHENG
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第4期 页码 463-467 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0225-z
The shield machine is a heavy construction machine for tunnel excavation, and the segment erector is an important subsystem of the shield machine. It is difficult to achieve precise control in the 6-DOF (degree of freedom) erector in the 2-DOF 5-bar radial mechanism. Hence, this paper proposes a redundantly actuated PRPRP radial mechanism for the segment erector. When the redundant actuator is unlocked, the radial mechanism is able to adjust its posture, which has two degrees of freedom. On the other hand, when the redundant actuator is locked or produces enough pre-tightening tensile force, the PRPRP mechanism can ensure the synchronization of the two driving hydraulic cylinders along the radial direction based on the mechanical structure, which has one degree of freedom. The redundant actuator also facilitates the equal application of two flexural torques at the hydraulic cylinders; thus, preventing the overload of a single cylinder.
关键词： redundant actuation parallel mechanisms five-bar mechanisms segment erectors shield machines
Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期 页码 389-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0362-y
Studies conducted by our group on the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reviewed in this paper. Conclusions can be summarized as follows. (1) Neuroendocrine-immune network (NIN)-osteoclast regulatory pathway OPG-RANKL-RANK is one of the mechanisms of “kidney governing bones.” Although kidney-reinforcing therapy is regarded as one of the holistic regulatory mechanisms of the body, characteristic holistic regulation in TCM can be reflected through nonselective regulation of the NIN during kidney reinforcement therapy, which can be used to treat osteoporosis through microadjustments in the microenvironment of the bone marrow. (2) Marrow exhaustion in TCM, which is the state wherein lipocytes in the bone marrow increase whereas other cells decrease, serves as the pathogenesis of osteoporosis brought about by failure of the “kidney governing bones.” (3) The kidney in TCM can be regarded as a complex system comprising multiple functional units in the body, including the unit “governing bones.” Kidney deficiency refers to a deficiency in only one or more units of the kidney system and not the whole system itself, which explains the kidney-reinforcing effect of many herbs; some herbs can treat osteoporosis, but some cannot. Although both classified as kidney-reinforcing agents, the former can resolve failure of the “kidney governing bones” unit while the latter regulates the failure of other units in the kidney system. Despite the current understanding on “kidney governing bones” theory, the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” remains complicated and unresolved. Thus, further studies in this area are warranted.
关键词： kidney governing bones kidney deficiency marrow osteoporosis neuroendocrine-immune network osteoclast regulatory pathway
Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint
Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期 页码 368-374 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017034
Xinjun LIU, Xiang CHEN, Zhidong LI
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第2期 页码 199-209 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0315-6
Due to the demand of reconfigurable system in parallel kinematic machines (PKMs), modular design technology is significant and necessary. However, in earlier research, the core joint modules have been concerned about rather than the customized link modules. The modular design to the typical customized links from the point of seeking optimal structures with best mechanical performances is analyzed and processed in two steps: classification and optimization. Firstly, a brief introduction to the current research status and the aims of this paper are outlined. And then, how the typical customized links classified is proposed. Next, the technology method and the iterative formula derivation process of topology optimization are described in detail. Finally, calculation models for each group of classified ones are set up and their optimal structures are achieved through topology optimization technique. The results provide useful references for reconfigurable and modular design in engineering cases.
关键词： parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) modular design classification topology optimization and improved Guide-Weight method
Theory and method of mechanism system design
Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第4期 页码 399-411 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0116-8
关键词： mechanism system creative design process model function solving model process action procedure mechanisms knowledge base principle of mechanism system composition
An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第4期 页码 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0
关键词： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters
Comments from young scholars: Can machines completely replace humans in manufacturing processes?
Shanlin YANG
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期 页码 541-547 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018207
FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023491
Gripping mechanisms in current wood harvesting machines
D. GOUBET, J. C. FAUROUX, G. GOGU
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第1期 页码 42-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0358-3
This paper focuses on the structural synthesis of gripping mechanisms used in the mechanization of the harvesting process. The importance of the gripping function in current devices like harvesting heads is underlined. This function is performed with several typical mechanisms which are listed and described in this article. This study distinguishes two kinds of planar gripping mechanisms mainly used in opening and closing the rollers: five concentric and two lateral ones. Both kinds have advantages and drawbacks. So a third kind of hybrid mechanism has been designed in order to orientate the axis of the rollers during gripping motion in order to combine concentric and lateral gripping advantages. Two planar and one spatial existing mechanisms are described. The last part of this paper presents a structural synthesis of such a spatial parallel mechanism by using the structural parameters and the general formulae established by the third author. Nine kinematic diagrams of spatial parallel mechanisms are provided.
关键词： structural synthesis parallel mechanisms gripping mechanisms wood harvesting harvesting head
Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China
Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第1期 页码 15-20 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0517-7
关键词： innovation design reconfigurable mechanisms metamorphic mechanisms origami-derived mechanisms development trends
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0736-9
关键词： fault recognition fault localization multi-sensor relations network analysis graph neural network
CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417
Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution[1]. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4[2], the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively[3].
In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food[4]. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production[3]. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.
Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level[5]. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level[6]. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.
Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.
To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.
Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.
The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.
The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.
The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).
Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).
Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).
Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).
Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).
Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).
Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping[6]. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.
As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.
汪劲松,李铁民,段广洪
《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第6期 页码 63-70
并联构型装备正处于商品化、产业化的关键时期。文章从结构、应用领域、驱动方式、控制等方面阐述了并联构型装备的研究进展，介绍了国际上的一些主要研究计划，分析了产业化进程中的若干关键技术及其可能的解决方案。
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
A critical review on thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling in membrane-based water treatment process
期刊论文
A redundantly actuated PRPRP radial mechanism in the segment erector of a shield machine for synchronization control
Wanghui BU, Zhenyu LIU, Jianrong TAN, Jin CHENG
期刊论文
Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint
Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI
期刊论文
Modular design of typical rigid links in parallel kinematic machines: Classification and topology optimization
Xinjun LIU, Xiang CHEN, Zhidong LI
期刊论文
Comments from young scholars: Can machines completely replace humans in manufacturing processes?
Shanlin YANG
期刊论文
Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China
Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING
期刊论文
A multi-sensor relation model for recognizing and localizing faults of machines based on network analysis
期刊论文
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